For Muslim pilgrims, the rituals of Hajj and Umrah are marked by the sacred state of Ihram. It’s a time of spiritual reflection and cleansing, but also one of strict observances. During this time, certain prohibitions of Ihram are to be fulfilled by pilgrims. These acts are to maintain the sanctity of the pilgrim’s intent and focus on the divine. Upholding these prohibitions of Ihram is an integral part of the pilgrimage experience and is essential to the spiritual enrichment aspired by the pilgrims.
This blog post provides a list of things that are prohibited during the state of Ihram, which are designed to encourage self-restraint and simplicity and to reflect their undivided attention to the purpose of the pilgrimage.
The Significance of Ihram
The term Ihram comes from the Arabic word ‘haram,’ meaning forbidden. It signifies a state of heightened spiritual awareness and humility before Allah. By donning simple white unsewn garments, pilgrims shed the material distinctions of everyday life, reminding them of the equality of all before the divine. Read the step-by-step guide to wearing the Ihram.
Ihram for Men and Women
The attire of Ihram for men consists of two simple, unsewn white cloths, one worn around the waist and one over the shoulders. Ihram for women is their regular clothing which adheres to the Islamic guidelines of public dress – modest and covering their bodies properly. The key difference is the state of mind and behavior in which these clothes are worn, dedicated solely to the pilgrimage.
Obligations of Ihram
There are three primary obligations when entering the state of Ihram:
Wearing Ihram from a Designated Miqat Point: Pilgrims are to put on their sacred clothes from the designated Miqat points, which are the outskirts of the Holy City of Makkah. This marks the official start of the pilgrimage formalities.
Removing Stitched Clothes: Before donning this divine dress, all stitched garments must be removed as a sign of renouncing worldly attachments.
Abstaining from the Prohibitions of Ihram: This is the most critical aspect, which includes the detailed list of prohibited actions the pilgrim must avoid.
The Prohibitions of Ihram
The prohibitions of Ihram are known as ‘Al-Muhrimaat’. All these things are prohibited by Muhrim, and it is essential to avoid them:
Sexual Intercourse: Engaging in sexual relations is strictly prohibited by Muhrim. This also includes touching, kissing, or indulging in foreplay for a desire.
The Quran clearly instructs that Individuals intending to perform Hajj and who have entered into Ihram must abstain from sexual intercourse with their spouses. [Al-Baqaraj:197]
Applying Fragrance or Henna: The application of all forms of perfume is strictly prohibited by Muhrim. This extends to the use of fragranced shampoo, soap, or oil. Additionally, women are advised not to apply cosmetics or kohl to their eyes in this state. Similarly, henna should not be applied, as it is also aromatic.
Eating a Delicious Aromatic Food: Eating a delicious thing cooked over the fire, which has a fragrance left, is also prohibited by Muhrim.
Shaving or Cutting Hair: Muhrim is prohibited from removing any hair from the head or body. This prohibition extends beyond merely cutting hair; it also includes avoiding activities that might cause hair to fall out, such as combing. Additionally, cutting nails is similarly forbidden during this period.
The requirement to refrain from shaving one’s head until the sacrificial animal has been slaughtered is underscored in Chapter Al-Baqarah:196, emphasizing the importance of observing these rituals with diligence and respect.
Hunting Animals: The act of hunting is strictly prohibited, as Quran says:
It is lawful for you to hunt and eat seafood, as a provision for you and for travellers. But hunting on land is forbidden to you while on pilgrimage. [Al-Ma’idah:96]
Killing Lice, Fleas, etc: The insects on one’s body are to be left undisturbed, as the act of killing is also forbidden.
Don’t kill game while you are in state of Ihram [Al-Ma’idah:95]
Wearing Stitched Clothes: Pilgrims are not allowed to wear stitched clothes, undergarments, socks, or shoes. He must be barefoot or in sandals that leave the middle of the foot exposed.
Wearing Dyed Clothes: The Ihram must remain unstitched and undyed, with no traces of artificial coloring.
Covering the Head or Face: Men must not cover their heads, and women must keep their faces uncovered during this period.
Cutting the Grass or Trees: Even plant life is to be left untouched. Cutting the grass or trees within the boundaries of Haram is prohibited as emphasizes the sanctity of this sacred dress.
Removing Dirt from the Body: Pilgrims are to remain unwashed for this period, beyond their regular ablution for prayers.
Adopting Adornments: No jewelry is to be worn nor any form of beauty enhancement or adornment is to be applied while in this state.
Unnecessarily Tying a Band: It is also prohibited to tie a bandage, unnecessarily, around any part of the body.
Practical Tips to Uphold the Prohibitions of Ihram
The rigor of the prohibitions of Ihram can be daunting, especially for those unfamiliar with the rituals. Here are practical tips to ensure that you uphold the sanctity of this sacred dress without undue difficulty:
Sexual Intercourse and Personal Space
The first and foremost challenge is maintaining personal space and avoiding even casual intimate interactions with the opposite gender. This requires patience and mindfulness.
Clothing and Adornment
Upholding the dress code is relatively straightforward, but it’s the small details that matter. Ensure that your Ihram is clean and that it doesn’t contain any animal products, such as wool. Avoid wearing any other clothes, ensuring to adhere to the simplicity of the attire.
Hygiene, Food, and Ablution
Maintaining proper hygiene without violating obligations is crucial. Gum disease or bleeding is a hazard for prayer and must be managed without spitting. Handling hunger can be managed through carrying and consuming simple, pre-prepared meals, and pilgrims are encouraged to focus on the spiritual nourishment that the pilgrimage provides. The use of unscented soap is permissible.
Conclusion
The essence of Ihram is to institute a state of physical and spiritual discipline. Each prohibition is a reminder of the dedication required during the pilgrimage.
In conclusion, upholding the prohibitions of Ihram during Hajj and Umrah is not just a set of rules but a fulfilling spiritual endeavor. Pilgrims who undertake the Hajj and Umrah with a committed heart, observing the Ihram and its associated prohibitions, are bound to find the experience transformational and purifying. The spiritual rewards of such dedication are immeasurable, offering a closeness to the Divine and a lifelong remembrance of this unique and holy experience.