Qirat saba’a Ashra (10 Qirats )
This Quran has been revealed in seven Ahruf. Read any of them in a way that is easy for you (Sahi Bukhari)
The second narrator is Ibn e Abbas
Ibn e Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Gabriel Amin taught me the Qur’an in one tone So I demanded more from them and he read more So I kept demanding and he kept reading more and more even it ended with seven accents.(Bukhari & Muslim 819)
Hadith No. 1 is frequent in terms of meaning. Therefore, the famous muhaddith Imam Abu Ubaid Qasim bin Salam has narrated it continuously. And Imam Jazri says that I have collected all the methods of this hadith in one permanent book. Many of the narrators have narrated the same.
It is learned that Qarat e saba means seven reading dialects in which Quran was read by different people when it was revealed. Many narrators have been narrated regarding the recitation of Holy Quran.
Meaning of Seven Ahruf
There are many sayings in this meaning but the best saying is that the seven methods of Qiraat with which are literally different and agree in term of meaning. And if there is a difference in their meaning, then that difference is diverse. Not that this difference is conflict and contradiction. In summary, in the interpretation of the seven ahruf, all the sayings mentioned in the books of Tafsir and Hadith and the sciences of the Qur’an. The common saying is the one which was stated later that these seven ahruf means the seven types of recitation .
Seven Types of Recitation:
in some Islamic cities, people were attracted to the recitation of special readers, the details of which are as follows:
Recitation of Abdullah bin Kathir (120 A.H):
In Makkah, the recitation of Abdullah bin Kathir al-Dari was famous. He narrated it from the authority of Anas bin Malik, Abdullah bin Zubair and Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari
Recitation of Nafi (129 A.H):
The recitation of Nafi bin Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Naeem was prevalent in Medina. He had benefited from seventy followers who had directly taken it from Abi bin Ka’b, Abdullah bin Abbas and Abu Hurairah.
Recitation of Babin Amir (118 A.H):
The Recitation of Abdullah Yahasbi known as Babin Amir was prevalent in Syria. He learned the art of recitation from Mughira bin Abi Shahab Makhzoomi, who directly learned from Uthman bin Affan.
Recitation of Abu Amr (154 A.H):
The recitation of Abu Amr and Yaqoob was common in Basra. Abu Amr’s name is Zabban bin Al Alaa bin Ammar. He learned from Mujahid bin Jubayr and Saeed bin Jubayr on authority of Abdullah bin Abbas (RA) and Abi Bin Ka’b (RA).
Recitation of Hazarmi (205 A.H):
Yaqoob bin Ishaq Hazrami. He learned from Salam bin Sulaiman al-Tawail, who learned from Asim and Abu Amr. The recitation of both Hamza and Asim was famous in Kufa.
Recitation of Hamza (188 A.H):
HHamza bin Habib Ziyat Maula Ikramah bin Rabi al-Taymi. He narrated from Sulaiman bin Mehran Amash, Sulaiman narrated from Yahya bin Wathaab, further he narrated from Zar bin Habeesh, who benefited from Uthman bin Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Ibn Mas’ud.
Recitation of Asim (127 A.H):
Asim ibn Abi al-Najood Asadi. He learned from Hazrat Abdullah bin Mas’ud through Zar bin Habeesh.
If we added Yaqoob bin Ishaq Hazrami, Khalaf bin Hasham and Yazid bin Qei’qa, than these are known as Ten Qarat
Opinion of different Schalors
This is the view of Allama Ibn Qutaybah , Imam Abu Al-Fadl Al-Razi and Qazi Abu Bakr Baqalani has authorized .
On the contrary, Imam Jazri says in the book “Kitab un nasr” that he has been pondering over this hadith for more than thirty years until Allah Almighty wrote down for me the interpretation of that which has been given above.
Some scholars are of the opinion that the meaning of ahruf is arabic dictionary but this meaning is not correct based on the hadith of Hazrat Umar. He says that he found Ehtesham Ibn-e-Hakim reciting Surah Al-Furqan in a recitation other than his own. And this surah was taught to me by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). I was about to rush him but I gave him time to finish. I grabbed him by his cloak and brought him to the Holy Prophet and said: O Messenger of Allah! He has recited Surah Al-Furqan in this way is contrary to what you have taught me.
Reference of Bukhari and Muslim
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Read on. So he read it the way I heard it. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: This is how it was revealed. And then he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to me, ‘Read it,’ so I read it, and he said, “This is how it was revealed. Of course, the Quran has been revealed in seven accents. So read whatever you can find in it (Bukhari & Muslim 218).
It turned out that Hisham (may Allah be pleased with him) belongs to asadi a tribe from Quraysh and Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) belongs to advi another renowned tribe of Quraysh. And both are Quraysh and have the same language. So if there was a difference of letters in the dictionaries, then these two Quraysh companions would not have disagreed with each other .
Thus, the scholars have quoted about forty sayings in it And the best preferable statement in it is the one quoted earlier .
Seven and ten Qiraat
Apart from these seven recitations, the three recitations that are recited above them are therefore called the Qiraat of Saba Ashra. And these are consistent with all researchers .
Hazrat Shah Waliullah Mohaddis Dehlavi says that the scholars agree on ten recitations and each of these ten has two narrators Thus the number of narrations have reached up to 20.
Mullah Ali Qari narrated about ten recitations from his mentor day and night not only in prayer but also in prayer On the contrary, it has been explained that combining different recitations in one prayer is a common practice. It turned out that the scholars agreed that there are ten consecutive recitations However, there are still some possible questions in this discussion